EKB-Lecture 1

The following is a list of elements:

I.Carbon

II.Phosphorous

III.Oxygen

IV.Hydrogen

V.Nitrogen

Which of these elements will make up a simple carbohydrate molecule?

I, II, and III
I and III only
I, III, and IV
I and V only
II, III, and V

What type of reaction occurs when two or more monosaccharides join together?

Reduction
Substitution
Condensation
Hydrolysis
Oxidation

Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of polysaccharides?

Polysaccharides are large, insoluble molecules that are formed by many monosaccharides joining together.
Polysaccharides are large, insoluble molecules formed by the joining of monosaccharides to other biological molecules like fatty acids and proteins.
Polysaccharides are small, easily digested molecules that are formed when monosaccharides are broken down.
Polysaccharides are small, soluble molecules that are formed by a few monosaccharides joining together.

Which of the following is not a primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Larger, complex carbohydrates can be broken down into fatty acids that can help make hormones.
Carbohydrates act as storage molecules to help regulate blood glucose concentration.
Simple carbohydrates can be used to build larger, more complex carbohydrates that can be used as cell components.
Carbohydrates provide substrates that can be broken down in cellular respiration to release energy.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monosaccharides and polysaccharides?

Monosaccharides can be broken down to form polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides can be joined together by bonds called polysaccharides.
Polysaccharides have complementary binding sites to monosaccharides.
Many monosaccharides can join together to form a polysaccharide.

Diagrams of two reactions occurring between monosaccharides are provided.Which reaction demonstrates condensation?

Y
X
Neither

Diagrams of two reactions occurring between monosaccharides are provided.Which reaction demonstrates hydrolysis?

Y
X
Neither

Glucose can be stored as the polysaccharide starch in plant cells. What polysaccharide acts as the primary unit of glucose storage in animal cells?

Chitin
Alpha-glucose
Glucagon
Cellulose
Glycogen

Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in plant cells. What is the primary role of cellulose in plant cells?

Cellulose is the main component of ribosomes within the cell that help synthesize proteins.
Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls that provides rigidity and structure for the cell.
Cellulose is the pigment contained within plant cells that captures the sunlight needed for photosynthesis.
Cellulose is broken down in cellular respiration to release energy.

Give the molecular formula of the molecule that is removed when two monosaccharides join together.

CO2
H2O
C
H2
O2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of complex sugars?

They have a high molecular weight.
They are generally insoluble in water.
They have a sweet taste.
They are made up of many monosaccharide molecules.

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?

A monosaccharide is a simple sugar molecule, whereas a disaccharide is a complex string of many sugar molecules.
A monosaccharide is a carbohydrate formed of elements joined by single bonds, whereas a disaccharide is a carbohydrate formed of elements joined by double bonds.
A monosaccharide is a molecule comprised of one type of sugar, whereas a disaccharide is comprised of two or more different types of sugar.
A monosaccharide is a simple sugar molecule that cannot be broken down into smaller sugar molecules, whereas a disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides join.

Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

Glucose
Ribose
Sucrose
Fructose

Which of the following is not an example of a polysaccharide?

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
Galactose

sec 1 – ch 1: chemical basis of life

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